CARO 2020: A Complete Guide to Companies Auditors Report Order

Gyan Ranjan

February 10, 2025

8 min read

Introduction

The Companies Auditors Report Order (CARO) 2020 is a regulatory framework introduced by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) under the Companies Act, 2013. This order outlines specific requirements for auditors in the preparation of their audit reports. CARO 2020 is designed to ensure greater transparency, corporate accountability, and stronger governance by requiring auditors to make detailed disclosures in their reports. By addressing concerns such as financial mismanagement, fraud detection, and asset verification, it strengthens the auditing process.

This guide delves into the intricacies, provisions, applicability, and how it impacts auditors, companies, and stakeholders alike. It also highlights the challenges companies may face while complying with the order and the measures that can be taken to ensure accurate reporting.

Also Read: The Companies Act 2013 Section 138 Internal Audit | RegisterKaro

What is CARO 2020 and How Does It Affect Auditor’s Reports?

Companies Auditors Report Order 2020 is issued under Section 143(11) of the Companies Act, 2013. This order specifies the items that auditors must address and report on in their audit reports. It serves to enhance the quality of corporate auditing, ensuring companies maintain transparent and accurate financial reporting.

It’s primary aim is to improve the overall accountability of auditors and companies, and it includes significant changes from its predecessor, CARO 2016. These changes aim to strengthen financial reporting mechanisms, improve governance, and offer more clarity on various financial matters, such as fraud, loans, and asset management.

What Are the Key Provisions of CARO 2020?

It introduces various reporting requirements that auditors need to follow. These provisions cover a wide range of financial and operational areas, ensuring that companies’ financial health is accurately disclosed to stakeholders. Some of the key provisions include:

1. Fixed Assets and Property: How Do Auditors Handle Asset Reporting?

Under CARO 2020, auditors must assess whether a company has maintained proper records of its fixed assets. This includes checking whether assets are properly recorded and classified in financial statements and ensuring that there are no discrepancies in physical asset verification. Auditors must also verify whether the company has performed physical verification of its fixed assets during the reporting period.

If there are any discrepancies found between the recorded and physical assets, auditors are required to mention these in their auditor’s report.

2. Inventory and Working Capital: What Are the Auditor’s Responsibilities?

Auditors must verify whether the company has properly conducted physical verification of its inventory. This verification is essential to ensuring that the inventory reported in the financial statements reflects the actual stock held by the company. Any material discrepancies between recorded and physical inventory should be reported.

Additionally, auditors must ensure that the company’s working capital is adequate and that it is being managed efficiently.

A critical aspect of it is ensuring that companies report any loans or advances provided to related parties. Auditors are required to examine whether such loans comply with legal and financial norms. This provision aims to curb any potential misuse of company funds by directors or related parties.

Auditors must verify whether the loans to related parties are disclosed, whether they are within the limits set by the law, and if the terms are appropriately documented.

4. Compliance with Banking and Financial Obligations: How Are Defaulted Payments Addressed?

It mandates auditors to verify whether the company has made timely payments on loans and advances taken from banks or financial institutions. Any instances of loan repayment defaults or pending dues to financial institutions must be disclosed in the auditor’s report. This helps maintain transparency in corporate financing activities.

5. Fraud Detection and Reporting: How Should Fraud Be Reported?

Under CARO, auditors are required to report any fraud or suspected fraudulent activity that they detect during the audit. Whether the fraud is committed by the company’s management, employees, or any third parties, it is imperative that auditors disclose this information.

Auditors should also evaluate whether the company has an effective mechanism for detecting and preventing fraud. Any deficiencies in internal controls to prevent fraud should be highlighted in the report.

6. Internal Controls and Risk Management: What Are the Auditor’s Obligations?

One of the key provisions focuses on the internal controls of a company. Auditors are required to evaluate whether the company has implemented adequate internal financial controls and whether these controls are being followed effectively. They must also ensure that the company is compliant with statutory accounting records.

Additionally, auditors are tasked with evaluating the company’s risk management strategies and their ability to address potential financial risks.

Who Does CARO 2020 Apply To?

It applies to a wide range of companies, but there are specific categories that are exempt from its applicability. Below is an overview of the applicability criteria:

Companies That Must Comply:

All companies registered under the Companies Act, 2013, including private and public companies.
Companies that meet specific financial thresholds, including a certain paid-up capital, turnover, and borrowings.
Listed companies whose shares are traded on recognized stock exchanges.

Companies That Are Exempt:

One Person Companies (OPCs)
Small companies with a paid-up capital of less than ₹1 crore and a turnover of less than ₹10 crores
Banking companies and insurance companies
Non-profit companies registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013

These exemptions are in place to reduce the regulatory burden on smaller businesses and entities that may not have the resources to comply with all the detailed requirements outlined in it.

What Are the Key Challenges in Complying with CARO 2020?

While it aims to increase transparency and improve financial reporting, it introduces challenges that companies must address to ensure compliance. Some of the major challenges include:

1. Increased Compliance Burden

One of the most significant challenges posed by it is the increased compliance burden. Companies must maintain detailed and accurate financial records, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Compliance requires additional efforts, particularly for small businesses that may not have established accounting systems in place.

2. Complex Reporting Requirements

It has introduced new disclosure requirements that auditors must address in their reports. The complexity of these requirements can increase the workload for auditors, requiring them to investigate multiple aspects of the company’s financial activities. This includes a thorough examination of asset records, loan disclosures, and internal controls.

3. Higher Audit Costs

The detailed nature of reporting requirements often leads to higher audit costs. Companies may need to engage more resources and legal consultation to ensure their reports comply with the standards set by the MCA. Additionally, the audit process itself may take longer due to the extensive checks and verifications required.

4. Stricter Enforcement by Regulators

Regulatory authorities are imposing stricter penalties and enforcement actions for non-compliance. Companies that fail to adhere to the requirements could face legal consequences, including fines and loss of credibility.

How Do Auditors Ensure Compliance with CARO 2020?

Auditors play a critical role in ensuring that companies comply. Their responsibilities include:

Detailed Examination of Financial Records: Auditors must meticulously examine financial records and corporate governance policies to ensure accuracy and transparency.
Reporting Irregularities: Any discrepancies or irregularities found in the company’s financial reporting must be disclosed in the auditor’s report.
Ensuring Legal Compliance: Auditors must verify that the company is adhering to all relevant legal and financial regulations.
Detecting Fraud: They are responsible for identifying and reporting fraudulent activities or financial mismanagement within the company.

By fulfilling these responsibilities, auditors help to ensure that the provisions are properly implemented and that companies maintain transparent and trustworthy financial reporting.

Conclusion

It has revolutionized the corporate auditing process in India by introducing more stringent reporting standards for auditors. It ensures that companies provide comprehensive financial disclosures, reducing the likelihood of financial mismanagement and increasing corporate accountability.

While compliance with this may present challenges, particularly for small businesses, its benefits in improving financial transparency and enhancing corporate governance far outweigh the obstacles. By adhering to it, companies can ensure that their financial reporting is trustworthy, thus improving investor confidence and safeguarding their reputation in the market.

Ready to get started? Reach out to trusted platforms like RegisterKaro to make your compliance journey seamless and efficient, enabling you to focus on what truly matters—growing your business. Contact our support team at support@registerkaro.in today.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How is CARO 2020 different from CARO 2016?

It expands the reporting requirements compared to CARO 2016. It includes additional disclosures on fraud detection, loan defaults, and internal financial controls.

2. Who is exempt from CARO 2020?

One Person Companies, small companies with a turnover below ₹10 crores, and non-profit organizations are exempt from it.

3. What additional disclosures are required by CARO 2020?

It requires auditors to report on fixed assets, inventory, loans to related parties, fraud detection, and internal controls, among other things.

4. What happens if a company does not comply with CARO 2020?

Non-compliance with it can lead to legal consequences, regulatory penalties, and loss of credibility.

5. What are the penalties for non-compliance with CARO 2020?

Failure to comply with it can lead to legal consequences, regulatory penalties, and loss of credibility for both companies and auditors.

7. What is the role of auditors under CARO 2020?

Auditors are responsible for:

Examining financial records in detail
Reporting fraud or financial discrepancies
Ensuring compliance with legal obligations
Verifying loan and default status
Providing transparency in audit reports

8. How does CARO 2020 impact company audits?

It makes audits more comprehensive by increasing the number of mandatory disclosures, ensuring better financial transparency, and enhancing investor confidence.

9. Can a company modify its financial reports after an audit under CARO 2020?

Once an audit report is issued, modifications are not allowed unless discrepancies are formally addressed and re-audited.