Medical Device Registration Online in India

India’s medical device market is growing fast due to rising healthcare needs and new technologies. To keep patients safe, every medical device must be approved before it can be made or sold in the country.

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the government body that handles this process. Their job is to make sure that all medical devices meet safety and quality standards.

Medical device registration means getting official permission from the CDSCO to manufacture, import, or sell a device in India. This approval proves the device is safe and works as intended. Without it, making or selling medical devices in India is illegal.

Registering your device is not just a formality; it is a legal requirement. It helps protect patients, builds trust with users, and allows companies to avoid fines and operate legally in the Indian market.

Why is Medical Device Registration Mandatory?

Registration is required because:

• It protects patients from unsafe or poor-quality devices.
• It ensures devices meet Indian laws and global safety standards.
• It helps companies avoid legal problems and fines.
• It builds trust among doctors, hospitals, and patients.
• It allows companies to sell their devices legally in India.
• It ensures traceability and aids in post-market surveillance.
• It provides a clear mechanism for recalling faulty or unsafe devices.

Medical Devices (Amendment) Rules, 2020

In 2020, the government updated the rules to cover all medical devices as “Drugs” under the Medical Devices (Amendment) Rules, 2020. Before this, only 37 types of devices were regulated.

A voluntary registration system was introduced starting April 1, 2020, with phase-wise mandatory timelines:

• Class A & B Devices: A license has been mandatory since October 1, 2022.
• Class C & D Devices: A license has been mandatory since October 1, 2023.

The rules also launched the SUGAM portal, a dedicated online system that allows easy registration for manufacturers and importers.

Failing to register by the due date can lead to a ban on manufacturing or import, and may attract penalties or legal action.

Medical Devices Rules, 2017 (MDR 2017)

The Medical Devices Rules, 2017, set the main framework for regulating medical devices in India. These rules:

• Classify devices by risk.
• Simplify the registration and licensing process.
• Combine registration and import licenses into one for foreign manufacturers.
• Set timelines for approvals.
• Align Indian rules with global standards like the FDA.

Additionally, MDR 2017 streamlined the process by introducing a single-window licensing system for both Indian and foreign manufacturers through the online Sugam portal (cdscoonline.gov.in).

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940

This act is the main law that gives CDSCO the power to regulate medical devices. It treats medical devices as a type of “drug” for legal purposes. The Medical Devices Rules, 2017, were created under this act to ensure devices are safe and effective.

India classifies medical devices into four classes, A, B, C, and D, based on both the intended use of the device and the risk it poses to the human body. This classification helps determine how strict the registration, testing, and monitoring requirements will be.

The higher the risk, the more detailed the testing and approval process.

1. Class A Devices (Low-Risk Products): These devices pose minimal risk to patients. Examples include surgical dressings and thermometers. They are regulated by State Licensing Authorities (SLA) and require basic registration and licensing.
2. Class B Devices (Low-Moderate Risk Products): These carry slightly more risk, like hypodermic needles and infusion pumps. Also regulated by the State Licensing Authorities, but with stricter checks than Class A.
3. Class C Devices (Moderate-High Risk Products): Devices such as ventilators and orthopedic implants fall into this class. They are regulated by the Central Licensing Authority (CLA), i.e., CDSCO, and need detailed testing and documentation.
4. Class D Devices (High-Risk Products): These are life-supporting or life-sustaining devices, such as pacemakers and heart valves. The CDSCO (CLA) strictly monitors and approves these, with the highest safety standards.

The CDSCO allows the following entities to apply for medical device registration in India:

1. Domestic Manufacturers

Indian companies or legally established entities that manufacture medical devices locally are eligible. They must register their devices and obtain a manufacturing license from the appropriate State Licensing Authority.

2. Importers

Entities based in India that import medical devices from abroad must register the imported products with the CDSCO and hold a valid import license.

3. Foreign Manufacturers (Indirectly)

Foreign manufacturers cannot apply directly. However, they can register their medical devices in India through the following:

• Authorized Agents in India: A legally appointed Indian representative who files the application, communicates with CDSCO, and ensures regulatory compliance. The agent must possess a valid wholesale license.
• Indian Subsidiaries: If a foreign manufacturer has a registered subsidiary in India, the subsidiary can apply on behalf of the parent company. It acts as a local legal entity for registration and compliance.

Registering a medical device with the CDSCO is a critical step that offers significant benefits for legal compliance, commercial growth, and public health. Here are the main benefits:

• Legal Market Access and Compliance

When you register your device with CDSCO, you get the legal right to sell and distribute it in India. Without registration, selling medical devices is illegal. You might face fines or legal trouble. Registration means you follow Indian laws and rules. These laws are made to keep patients safe.

For example, since October 2023, under GSR 102(E), all medical devices in Classes A, B, C, and D need a license to be sold or imported in India. This shows how important it is to register.

• Enhanced Credibility and Trust

A registered device gains trust from doctors, hospitals, and patients. The registration certificate shows that your device passed safety and quality checks. This helps healthcare providers feel confident using your device. When patients and doctors trust your product, your business grows. This trust increases even more if your device also has ISO 13485 or WHO-GMP certifications.

• Unlocking Commercial Opportunities

Registration opens many business doors. Only registered devices can be sold in government hospitals, private clinics, and pharmacies. Many government tenders ask for registered devices only. So, registration helps you get more customers and contracts.

CDSCO registration is also needed if you want to sell on GeM (Government eMarketplace) or take part in tenders by government bodies like AIIMS, ESI, and CGHS. Some foreign markets even accept CDSCO approval, making exports easier too.

• Ensuring Public Health and Patient Safety

The most important benefit is patient safety. Registration requires manufacturers to give detailed information about the device. This includes how it works, how safe it is, and how it is made. This helps stop unsafe or poor-quality devices from reaching patients.

• Streamlined Pathway for Global Players

For foreign companies, registering devices in India means they can legally import and sell products through an Indian Authorized Agent. The CDSCO process via the SUGAM portal is now digital and matches global standards like the US FDA or CE Marking. This makes it easier for global companies to enter India’s growing medical device market.

Understanding medical device registration is important for anyone involved in this field. It helps ensure devices are safe and legal to sell in India. The CDSCO registration process may seem complex, but knowing these basics is the first step.

Here is a simple step-by-step guide to help Indian manufacturers register their medical devices with CDSCO:

Step 1: Classify Your Device and Group Products

First, find out your device’s risk class. Devices are divided into four classes:

• Class A: Low risk (e.g., surgical gloves)
• Class B: Low-moderate risk (e.g., syringes)
• Class C: Moderate-high risk (e.g., ventilators)
• Class D: High risk (e.g., heart valves)

Your device class decides how you register and which authority you apply to.

Step 2: Quality Management System (QMS) and ISO 13485 Compliance

You must have a Quality Management System (QMS). This system helps you make devices consistently and safely. Most manufacturers follow ISO 13485, an international quality standard for medical devices (mandated for Class B, C, D, and even recommended for A).

Having a good QMS is important for passing inspections and getting approval.

Step 3: Plant Master File & Device Master File)

Next, prepare your application with these key documents:

• Plant Master File (PMF): Details about your manufacturing facility.
• Device Master File (DMF): Information about the device’s design, safety, and performance.

You must also include:

• An undertaking confirming safety, performance, labeling, and shelf life.
• Stability data, clinical evidence (if needed), and
• Declarations of conformity with quality and safety standards.

These documents prove that your medical device is safe and made as per Indian regulations.

Step 4: Apply to the Right Authority: State (SLA) vs. Central (CLA)

• For Class A and B devices, apply to the State Licensing Authority (SLA).
  Note: For non-sterile, non-measuring Class A devices, self-certification is often sufficient
• For Class C and D devices, apply to the Central Licensing Authority (CLA), which is the CDSCO.

Make sure you send your application to the correct authority.

Step 5: Visit the SUGAM Portal for Your Application (Forms MD-3, MD-7)

Submit your application online on the SUGAM portal. Use:

• Form MD-3 for manufacturing license application for Class A and B devices.
• Form MD-7 for Class C and D devices.

Upload all documents and pay the required fees.

Fee Structure

Step 6: The Audit and Inspection

After you apply, CDSCO or the State Authority will inspect your manufacturing site. They check if you follow good manufacturing practices and quality standards.

Thorough preparation of your facility is crucial to ensure a successful inspection.

Step 7: Receive Your Manufacturing License (Forms MD-5, MD-9)

If everything is okay, you will get your manufacturing license:

• Form MD-5 for Class A and B devices.
• Form MD-9 for Class C and D devices.

This license lets you legally make and sell your medical devices in India.

If you are a foreign company wanting to sell medical devices in India, you must register your devices with the CDSCO. The process is clear and digital. Here are the main steps you need to follow.

Step 1: Appointing an Indian Authorized Agent (IAA) - Your Legal Representative

Foreign manufacturers cannot apply directly to the CDSCO. You must appoint an Indian Authorized Agent (IAA). This agent acts as your legal representative in India. The IAA handles communication with CDSCO and submits your application.

The IAA must have a valid wholesale or manufacturing license in India. They are responsible for all regulatory matters for your device in India.

Who Can Be an IAA?

An IAA can be a company or individual with the necessary licenses to operate in India, such as a licensed importer, manufacturer, or distributor. They must have experience dealing with CDSCO regulations and be registered with the appropriate Indian authorities.

Step 2: Compile the Technical Dossier for India

You need to prepare a technical dossier that contains all important information about your device. This includes:

• Device Master File (DMF): Details about the device design, materials, and performance.
• Plant Master File (PMF): Information about the manufacturing facility.
• ISO 13485 certificate: Proof that your quality system meets international standards.
• CE Certificate or Declaration of Conformity: Shows your device meets safety rules in other countries.
• Free Sale Certificate (FSC): Proof that your device is sold legally in other countries.
• Power of Attorney: A legal document authorizing your Indian agent to act on your behalf.
• Post-Market Surveillance (PMS) Plan: How you will monitor the device’s safety after it is sold.

This dossier shows CDSCO that your device is safe and reliable.

Step 3: Submit the Import License Application on the SUGAM Portal (Form MD-14)

Once your dossier is ready, the Indian Authorized Agent applies to the SUGAM online portal (cdscoonline.gov.in). Use Form MD-14 to apply for the import license.

Along with the form, upload all required documents and pay the fees. This is a fully digital process, making it faster and easier.

Step 4: Respond to CDSCO Queries and Technical Presentations

After reviewing your application, CDSCO may ask questions or request more information. You or your Indian agent must respond quickly and clearly.

Sometimes, CDSCO may ask for a technical presentation or demo to better understand your device. Being prepared and cooperative helps speed up the approval.

Step 5: Receive Your Import License (Form MD-15)

If CDSCO is satisfied with your application and documents, they will issue the import license using Form MD-15.

This license allows you to legally import and sell your medical device in India. The license is usually valid for five years and must be renewed before expiry.

After approval, the Indian Authorized Agent (IAA) is responsible for post-approval tasks such as handling complaints, managing product recalls, and reporting any adverse events related to the device.

To register a medical device in India, you need to submit certain documents. These differ slightly for domestic manufacturers and foreign importers.

For Domestic Manufacturers

If you make medical devices in India, prepare these documents:

• Application form: Form MD-3 for Class A/B devices or Form MD-7 for Class C/D.
• Plant Master File (PMF): Details about your manufacturing site.
• Device Master File (DMF): Technical details about the device.
• ISO 13485 certificate: Proof of quality management system.
• Quality management system documents: Procedures and policies.
• Clinical evaluation or performance data: Proof the device works safely.
• Manufacturing process details: How the device is made.
• Labeling and packaging information: How the device is labeled and packed.
• Fees payment receipt: Proof of fee payment.

For Importers (Foreign Manufacturers)

Foreign companies must submit:

• Application form: Form MD-14 for import license.
• Device Master File (DMF): Technical details of the device.
• Plant Master File (PMF): Information about the manufacturing plant.
• ISO 13485 certificate: Quality system certification.
• CE Certificate or Declaration of Conformity: Proof of compliance in other countries.
• Free Sale Certificate (FSC): Shows the device is sold legally abroad.
• Power of Attorney: Authorizing an Indian agent to act on your behalf.
• Post-market surveillance plan: How you will monitor device safety after sale.
• Fees payment receipt: Proof of payment for application fees.

The fees vary depending on whether you are an Indian manufacturer or a foreign importer. There are also costs for license retention and other expenses like audits and testing.

Fees for Indian Manufacturers

Indian manufacturers pay fees based on the class of their medical device. The fees are generally lower for low-risk devices (Class A and B) and higher for high-risk devices (Class C and D). For example:

• Class A devices: The registration fee is around ₹5,000 to ₹10,000.
• Class B devices: Fees range from ₹10,000 to ₹20,000.
• Class C devices: Fees can be ₹25,000 to ₹50,000.
• Class D devices: Fees may go up to ₹1,00,000 or more.

These fees cover the application, inspection, and licensing process. Manufacturers must also pay fees for renewals every five years.

Fees for Importers (Foreign Manufacturers)

Foreign manufacturers or importers pay fees when applying for an import license. The fees depend on the device class and include:

• Class A and B devices: Around ₹10,000 to ₹25,000.
• Class C and D devices: ₹50,000 to ₹1,00,000 or more.

Importers also pay renewal fees every five years to keep their licenses active.

License Retention Fees

After getting the license, manufacturers and importers must pay license retention fees annually. This fee keeps the license valid and active. The retention fee varies but is usually a percentage of the original registration fee.

Other Costs: Audits, Testing, and Consultation

Apart from registration fees, there are other costs to consider:

• Audits and inspections: CDSCO or state authorities may charge fees for inspecting your manufacturing site.
• Product testing: Some devices require third-party lab testing, which adds to the cost.
• Consultation fees: Many companies hire consultants to help with documentation and the registration process. These fees vary based on the expert and service level.

Registration fees are determined by the CDSCO and are subject to change. The figures below represent approximate costs and should be verified against the latest official notifications.

The time taken for CDSCO registration depends on the device class and how complete your application is.

• Class A and B devices: Usually take around 3 to 6 months.
• Class C and D devices: Can take 6 to 12 months or more due to detailed review and inspections.

Common Reasons for Delays and How to Avoid Them

Delays are common but can be avoided by:

• Submitting complete and accurate documents.
• Following the correct application process.
• Responding quickly to CDSCO queries.
• Ensuring your manufacturing site is ready for inspection.

Incomplete applications or slow responses can cause long delays.

What Happens When CDSCO Raises a Query?

If CDSCO has questions or needs more information, they will raise a query. You must respond promptly with the required documents or clarifications. Delays in answering queries can stall your application and increase the approval time.

Sometimes, you may need to update your registered device. Changes are classified as major, minor, or administrative.

Major Changes

Major changes affect the device’s safety, design, or intended use. These require a fresh application and approval from the CDSCO before implementation.

Examples include:

• Changing the device’s design, material, or technology.
• Adding new indications or uses.
• Changing manufacturing processes that affect safety.
• Change in the site of manufacturing (in most cases).

Minor Changes

Minor changes do not affect safety or performance significantly. These require prior approval but usually follow a simpler process.

Examples include:

• Changing packaging materials.
• Modifying manufacturing processes without affecting device quality.
• Updating user manuals.
• Relocation of warehousing/storage facility (in some cases).

Administrative and Labelling Changes

These include changes to contact details, company name, or label corrections. You must inform CDSCO, but approval is generally faster.

Labelling Requirements for Medical Devices in India

Proper labelling is key to safe use and compliance. Indian rules require labels to include:

• Device name and model number.
• Manufacturer’s name and address.
• Importer’s details (if applicable).
• Batch or lot number.
• Manufacturing and expiry dates.
• Instructions for use.
• Warnings and precautions.
• Regulatory approval marks and license number.

Labels must be clear, legible, and in English or local languages as required.